Step 1: Take photos and part number of the parts from various perspective. If dimension of the part (Size, Length, Pitch) is important, record down the dimension and take photos together with a ruler or a measuring tape. Recognising the footprint of the components can help identify the component.
Step 2: Label and list all the components with a designator ID for all the individual components. Consolidate the quantity.
Step 3: Label all contact point on the individual component. Tabulate a list of connection points to map the connections.
Step 4: Source for the components’ part-number, manufacturer, distributor (where to buy) and the price.
Marking Code References
SOT23 Marking Code
Check out the SOT23 Marking Code here. Footprint similar to SOT23-3 (pitch 1.9mm) but smaller in size are SC-70-3 (1.3mm), SOT323 (1.3mm), SOT416 (1mm)
Step 1: Take photos and part number of the parts from various perspective. If dimension of the part (Size, Length, Pitch) is important, record down the dimension and take photos together with a ruler or a measuring tape. Recognising the footprint of the components can help identify the component.
Step 2: Label and list all the components with a designator ID for all the individual components. Consolidate the quantity.
Step 3: Label all contact point on the individual component. Tabulate a list of connection points to map the connections.
Step 4: Source for the components’ part-number, manufacturer, distributor (where to buy) and the price.
Marking Code References
SOT23 Marking Code
Check out the SOT23 Marking Code here. Footprint similar to SOT23-3 (pitch 1.9mm) but smaller in size are SC-70-3 (1.3mm), SOT323 (1.3mm), SOT416 (1mm)
Diode comes with many varieties. The following presents the marking code for common SMD component for 2 pins diode component.
Warning Note: Please ensure the context of the component used in the electronic design is correct. It is possible to misinterpret the part with same marking code. This marking code reference guide is meant for your convenient. Always check the datasheet to confirm if your marking code matches the part number.
Diode Marking Code (Commonly Used SMD Diode Component List)
Marking Code
Package
Part Number
Alternative Part Number
Description
M7
SMA-J
1N4007
UF1010
power diode, 1A 1000V
S3M
SMC (DO-214AB)
power diode, 3A 1000V
S3X
SMC (DO-214AB)
BY1800
power diode, 3A 1800V
S3Y
SMC (DO-214AB)
BY1800
power diode, 3A 2000V
SS14
SOD-123
1N5819
CMPSH1-4
schottky barrier diode, 1A
SS34
1N5822
CMSH3-40MA
schottky barrier diode, 3A
A6
BAS316, BAS16
A7
SOT23-3
BAV99
A4
SOT23-3
BAV70
A4W (from China)
AC32 or (ES1D)
ES1D
WE C
SMAJ5.0CA
MRC
1SMB40CAT3G
BFR
SMCJ40(C)A
K1
MMSZ5251
zener diode 22V
V1J
10MQ100NPbF
diode, Schottky Rectifier
514 S1G
S1G (SMA, DO-214AC)
surface mount glass passivated rectifier (Vishay General Semiconductor)
SOT23 is commonly known for a 3 pins SMD package and is also known as SOT23-3. There is also 5 pins package (SOT23-5), and 6 pins package (SOT23-6). The SOT package is small and normally the full part number cannot be printed on the chip itself. Normally the part number is represented by a marking code printed on top of the SOT23 package.
The follows presents some of the SOT23 components marking code, which is useful for reverse engineering use.
Warning Note: Please ensure the context of the component used in the electronic design is correct. It is possible to misinterpret the part with same marking code. This marking code reference guide is meant for your convenient. Always check the datasheet to confirm if your marking code matches the part number.
SOT23-3 Marking Code
Marking Code
Package
Part Number
Description
6B, 6B, 6C, 6D
SOT23-3
BC817
npn
J3Y
SOT23-3
M8050
npn
1D*, 1A*, 1B*, (1BW)
SOT23-3
BC846, BC846A, BC846B
npn
1H*, 1E*, 1F*, 1G*
SOT23-3
BC847, BC847A, BC847B, BC847C
npn
1K*
SOT23-3
BC848B
npn
1GM, 1H
SOT23-3
MMBTA06L, MMBTA05L
npn
J3
SOT23-3
S9013
npn
2TY
SOT23-3
S8550
pnp
3BW
SOT23-3
BC856B
pnp
3D
SOT23-3
MMBTH81
pnp, RF transistor
3G
SOT23-3
BC857C
pnp
704
SOT23-3
2N7002K-D
n-ch
S07
SOT23-3
STS2307
p-ch
N76
SOT23-3
DDTD142JU
diode
K7D
SOT23-3
BAS70-04
diode (dual)
A1
SOT23-3
BAW56
diode (dual)
A4
SOT23-3
BAV70 or MIC803 – 31D3V
diode (dual) or microcontroller supervisor circuit
Singapore is located near the equator and the weather here is hot all year round. Electronic installed outdoor is subjected to the fierce heat of the direct sun. As a designer, you may be wondering if your electronic can withstand the high temperature for your electronic deployment in Singapore.
We have done a simple survey to measure the temperature that the electronic can be subjected to for outdoor installation in Singapore.
Temperature of Electrical Box Under the Hot Sun
For this measurement, a digital thermometer is placed inside a black plastic box. After under the hot sun (a day without any cloud) for at least over 30minutes, the temperature inside the box is recorded.
The temperature inside the enclosed box can typically go up to 40°C to 49°C in a normal environmental temperature of 30°C to 33°C.
reading of 48.8°C, the temperature inside this black box.
Temperature of Object Directly Under the Hot Sun
The thermometer measurement probe under direct sunlight can go up to 50°C to 55°C (usually 10 to 15°C above temperature under shade).
The normal weather temperature that we always get from the weather station is a temperature of the surrounding air under a shade. No direct sunlight with the thermometer.
Designing Electronic to Operate Under the Hot Sun
Most electronic are design to operate in the range of -40°C to +85°C. For most outdoor installation, it is not too much of a problem even in a place like Singapore. For special high-temperature application, it is important to select electronic components that can withstand high temperature.
There are many types of rechargeable battery. The common battery selection in Singapore are listed here. Here we will not bore you with the details of how each type of rechargeable battery works. We will only provide enough information to allow you to pick the most suitable battery for your application.
This is a reference page which summarises the common battery sizes available on the market. It helps you choose the most suitable battery and sizes for your design application. Feel free to bookmark this page for your future references.
The battery is considered dangerous goods in the transportation industry. It is important to package it with care. Any short circuit on the battery or dent damage can result in a fire. If you are shipping batteries, it is important to read more regarding the transport rules and regulation.
The following sections introduce some of the common rechargeable battery that can be found in Singapore.
Nickel Cadmium Battery (NiCd)
This NiCd battery used to be one of the most common batteries in the market. Due to the varies disadvantage it has over the newer type of rechargeable, it is slowly disappearing from the market. The capacity is lower and it is known to have the memory effect problem which will reduce its efficiency to store energy over a limited number of the charge cycle.
This battery is often used to power up portable hand-drill and other equipment.
Nickel Metal Hydride Battery (NiMH)
NiMH battery took over NiCd battery over time. NiMH is commonly available in the form of AA, AAA battery in Singapore.
Lithium-ion Battery (Li-ion)
This is the latest rechargeable market on the market. A typical cylinder shape, similar to AA battery. The batteries are now used in a lot of electronic devices (portable drill, laptop battery, etc…).
It comes with many form factor nowadays with popular brands like UltraFire,
Model
Voltage (V)
Capacity (mAHr)
Size (mm)
16340 (CR123A)
3.6V
880
ø16 x 34mm
18350
3.7V
1200
ø18 x 35mm
18500
3.7V
3000
ø18 x 50mm
18650
3.7V
3000
ø18.3 x 64.8mm
26650
3.7V
5000
ø26 x 65mm
32650
3.7V
6000
ø32 x 65mm
AAA
3.6V
500
ø10 x 43.5mm
AA
3.6V
900
ø14.5 x 50.5mm
CR2450 or LIR2450 (rechargeable coin battery)
3.6V
100
ø24 x 5.2mm
CR2032 (rechargeable coin battery)
3.6V
40
ø20 x 3.2mm
CR1225 (rechargeable coin battery)
3V
48
ø12.5 x 2.5mm
Charging IC for Li-ion battery – MAX1555 (2x power input switching) – MCP73831 (SOT-23-5) – MCP73833 (MSOP-10, with temperature monitoring) – MCP73871 (QFN-20)
Lithium Polymer Battery (LiPo)
The most significant advantage of a LiPo is that the battery can be customised into a rectangular block. It is very popular for use in portable electronic devices where there is limited space available. Most of the time it comes in a flat thin rectangular bar. This is unlike the Li-ion battery.
The LiPo battery usually comes with a protective battery circuit. The protective circuit helps to prevent over-charging and over-discharge. It is usually attached to one end of the battery and is secured by the yellow translucent thermal adhesive tape, followed by a pair of red/black wire to attached to your electronic circuit. You can see and feel the circuit at the end of the battery.
The following presents the commonly Single Cell Li-Po sizes and battery capacity.
Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries (LiFePO4) is known to be a safer battery. It is about 3V for each cell.
Sealed Lead Acid Battery (SLA)
SLA Sealed Lead Acid Battery has been around for a very very long time. It is commonly used in automotive and UPS application. The battery is the most suitable battery if your load requires high initial draw of current. This SLA battery has that capacity to support high surge without damaging itself.
The follow are some of the common SLA battery capacity and sizes
Model
Voltage (V)
Capacity (AHr)
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
Weight (Kg)
NP0.8-12
12V
0.8
96
25
61.5
0.35
NP1.2-12
12V
1.2
97
48
54.5
0.57
NP2-12
12V
2.0
150
20
89.0
0.70
NP2.3-12
12V
2.3
178
34
646.0
0.94
NP2.6-12
12V
2.6
134
67
64.0
1.12
NP4-12
12V
4.0
90
70
108.0
1.70
NP7-12
12V
7.0
151
65
97.5
2.65
Most Common
NP12-12
12V
12.0
151
98
97.5
4.00
NP18-12B
12V
17.2
181
76.2
167.0
6.20
NP24-12
12V
24.0
166
175
125.0
8.65
NP24-12B
12V
24.0
166
175
125.0
8.65
NP65-12
12V
65.0
350
166
174.0
22.80
NP1.2-6
6V
1.2
97
25
54.5
0.30
NP3-6
6V
3.0
134
34
64.0
0.65
NP4-6
6V
4.0
70
47
105.5
0.85
NP7-6
6V
7.0
151
64
97.5
1.35
NP10-6
6V
10.0
151
50
97.5
2.00
Hitachi HV7-12 VRLA Battery (12V, 7Ah), High Power
Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery (also known as Sealed Lead Acid Battery), from Hitachi, Japan.
Model no. : HV7-12
Rating 12V, 7Ah
Constant Voltage Charge (20°C)
Standby Use: 13.6 ~ 13.8V
Initial Current: 2.1A (MAX)
Reference guide for charging
SLA Battery (Charging Guide)
A Full Charge SLA battery measure about 12.65V. Charging voltage at 13.4V -> Continuous float charging (recommended chrage voltage if you intend to continuous charge SLA 24 hours per day.) Charging voltage at 13.8V -> Slow charging Charging voltage at 14.7V -> Fast charging
Voltage Level (at rest, room temperature)
Battery Charge Status
12.65V
100% (Fully Charged)
12.45V
75%
12.24V
50%
12.06V
25%
11.89V or less
Discharged (Not Desirable, will damage battery)
A SLA battery contains 6 cells. Ideally, each cell is about 2.15V. Six cells will form up a maximum voltage of 12.9V.
Lithium Battery (Charging Guide)
Battery capacity percentage base on battery’s voltage
Lithium battery charging status using MCP73871 charging IC.
To measure the distance of an object a distance away, you will need a distance sensor. The following presents a list of range distance sensors to measure longer range with more precision. These sensors can be interfaced with an electronic controller which you can take the reading and use the information for automation control.
Laser Distance Sensor
Laser distance sensor can measure distance up 40 meters with accuracy +/- 0.025m.
The ultrasonic sensor uses sound as a medium to detect the distance to a distanced object. A sound is transmitted and the time it takes for the reflected sound to return helps determine the distance of an object.
The sensor has to transmit and receive the sound, therefore no object like glass should be placed in front of the sensor.
Suitable for measure distance from a few cm to a few metres.
Integrate contactless card payment system (EZ-Link, PayFlash, PayWave) for your business product and service. Elevate your business productivity through an automated cashier.
Automated Cashier 24-7
Hire a cashier to work for you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, at a ridiculous monthly rate.
No hiring expenses to worry about. With automated machine running the show, your business is longer limited to just office hours. A longer business operation will mean more opportunities for transactions and therefore more revenue.
Daily Sales Report
Get immediate access to daily business insight at the tip of your finger.
With computation central system, all your automated transaction can be retrieved over the air remotely at the end of every day. The timely sales information helps you to track market trends or sales problems. This provides you with the ability to make a fast decision to improve sales and insight to expand your businesses.
EZ-Link Contactless Card (CEPAS Compliant)
EZ-Link (a CEPAS-compliant card), is a very common contactless card among Singaporean. EZ-Link card is the number one public transport payment card in Singapore. It is also a commonly used card for ERP system (Electronic Road Pricing), and public/private car park payment system in Singapore.
Integrate EZ-Link card to your business, and provide your customer with a more convenience means to buy your product and services. There is no cash or shortage of change for your customer to worry about. All transactions are computerised and complete electronically. Business accounting will be faster and easier.
EZ-Link the most commonly used payment card in Singapore can help expand your business locally.
EZ-Link card for wireless payment
EZ-Link public bus transport payment card
NETS FlashPay Contactless Card
FlashPay card payment (a CEPAS-compliant card) is another common contactless card payment method in Singapore. Many of the FlashPay terminals can be found in the foodcourt, hawker centre, shopping mall, FairPrice Xpress, 7-Eleven & Cheers stores, etc… in Singapore.
PayWave and PayPass are also contactless card design for credit card application. PayWave is the contactless card name for Visa credit cards network, while PayPass is the contactless card name for MasterCard credit cards network.
Besides contactless, credit card can also be authenticated via chip card. Older technology using magnetic stripe card is going obsolete.
Our Payment Gateway Integration
Integrate your business solution with an automated self-service payment system and let the system run by itself. You can integrate EZ-Link payment to vending machine, coin or notes acceptor machine or any other machinary equipment.
Standard Vending Machine Protocol
MDB/ICP
Protocol A (Executive)
BDV
Micromech
Simplex III/ L+
Simplex 0
VCCS, JVMA protocol
HII
The following illustrates a self-service clothes washing shop. The washing machine and drying machines are integrated with the EZ-Link payment terminal. Such system can also be deployed in a student hostel or worker’s dormitory.
The shop operates 24 hours a day without the need for anyone to look after the shop daily. This provides your customers with the convenience of having their clothes washed/dried anytime of the day they want.
All transaction are done electronically. This means that there is no dollar notes or coins shortage to worry about. At the end of the day, sales report from the various remote location can be sent back to your central office. Any accounting or business decision can be faster and simpler. Maintenance can be carried out on a monthly or quarterly basis.
Self-service payment terminal (EZ-Link)
Self-Service clothes washing and drying Kiosk
Interface board for payment terminal and washer/dryer machine
A custom designed electronic circuit board allows all the washer and dryer machine to be connected to a single EZ-Link payment terminal. The sharing of a single payment terminal reduces the maintenance cost of having a terminal for each machine. The EZ-Link payment terminal from Card Techno is custom programmed for the washing and drying services.
Integrate your business with a payment terminal today for a new level of productivity!!! Yes, we can, PIC-CONTROL can integrate any form of electrical and electronic system that your business is currently using. We are the expert in the area of electronic design and integration. Contact PIC-CONTROL today.
Enable your service or product to automate cashier through EZ-Link cash card. Vending system integration for an automated self-service payment 24 hours a day.
Thermal Sensor can detect the temperature of a subject without any physical contact. The technical name for the sensor is known as Thermopile Sensor. The sensor is able to detect the temperate of the surface of an area from a distance through the air. This is possible because the sensor is able to pick up the radiated heat in the form of IR (infra-red) from the subject.
Thermal Imaging Sensor is getting more and more popular compared to the vision camera. While the typical vision camera (CCD) picks up colour from the scene, a thermal camera picks up heat image. This helps the system to easily differential objects base on heat rather than colour. The thermal sensor is often used to detect dangerous hot surrounding and also to detect the presence of people. A technical name for Thermal Sensor is known as Thermal Array Sensor.
Thermal Array Sensor is low in resolution compare to the vision colour camera. A high-resolution version (Thermal Imaging Camera) is still quite costly. Thermal array sensor (low resolution) is a more cost-effective sensor and is enough to serve its purpose.
![SMD IC adapter, SMD to 2.54mm pitch [PIC-200]](https://www.pic-control.com/product/pic-200_a.gif)
for QFN pins package -> 16 pins, 28 pins, 44 pins.![SMD IC adapter, SMD to 2.54mm pitch [PIC-201]](https://www.pic-control.com/product/pic-201_a.png)
Singapore is located near the equator and the weather here is hot all year round. Electronic installed outdoor is subjected to the fierce heat of the direct sun. As a designer, you may be wondering if your electronic can withstand the high temperature for your electronic deployment in Singapore.
The thermometer measurement probe under direct sunlight can go up to 50°C to 55°C (usually 10 to 15°C above temperature under shade).
This NiCd battery used to be one of the most common batteries in the market. Due to the varies disadvantage it has over the newer type of rechargeable, it is slowly disappearing from the market. The capacity is lower and it is known to have the memory effect problem which will reduce its efficiency to store energy over a limited number of the charge cycle.
NiMH battery took over NiCd battery over time. NiMH is commonly available in the form of AA, AAA battery in Singapore.
The most significant advantage of a LiPo is that the battery can be customised into a rectangular block. It is very popular for use in portable electronic devices where there is limited space available. Most of the time it comes in a flat thin rectangular bar. This is unlike the Li-ion battery.
SLA Sealed Lead Acid Battery has been around for a very very long time. It is commonly used in automotive and UPS application. The battery is the most suitable battery if your load requires high initial draw of current. This SLA battery has that capacity to support high surge without damaging itself.
Distance: 0 – 6.45 meters (42kHz)
PayWave and PayPass are also contactless card design for credit card application. PayWave is the contactless card name for Visa credit cards network, while PayPass is the contactless card name for MasterCard credit cards network.
