Electronic References

Useful technical references for electronic engineers.

PCB Standoff

PCB Standoff

  • Brass (most common)
  • Plated Steel
  • Nylon

brass PCB standoff     Nylon PCB standoff

These PCB standoffs available in brass, steel or nylon material. The threaded ends are for typically M3 and M4 screw size. One side can be a male thread and the other end a female thread. Both end female thread is also quite common. The standoff length is usually in millimetres (even number, example: 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, etc…

Nylon is light in weight and has a non-magnetic property like brass. Screws and nuts are also available.

PCB Standoff Base

The PCB standoff base can be secured underneath the PCB board and provide your board with the support. This can lift up the PCB board so that the bottom side will not be touching the table surface. This is useful especially if the table is metallic or there are many metal parts laying around. A simple standoff base will reduce the chance of accidental short-circuit, without having to spend time and money on a casing.

These bases come with a double sided adhesive tape below. It allows you to secure it onto a casing or a surface plate easily.

Adhesive Standoff Base with M3 nut thread for securing to PCB board

PCb Standoff Base (Black color, M3)     PCB Standoff Base illustration

Screwless Standoff Base

Nylon PCB Standoff base for hole size 4mm         PCB Standoff Base illustration     Nylon PCB Standoff base

背胶固定座 PCB M3

SMD PCB Standoff / Spacer (surface mount)

https://www.dmtl.co.uk/product-series/smd-pcb-spacers-standoffs-power-elements-for-high-current-applications-smt-terminal-blocks

LCD Display Alphanumeric & Dot Matrix

Commonly available LCD display (alphanumeric, dot matrix) configuration and dimension.

Alphanumeric LCD Display (16 x 2, 1602)

2.95 x 5.15mm character size, 16 Chars x 2 Lines. Commonly available.

16x2 Alphanumeric LCD Display
16x2 Alphanumeric LCD Display dimension

Pin-out

Pin No.NameFunction
1Gnd
25V
3VEEContrast adjustment voltage
4RSRegister select (1=data, 0=instruction)
5R/!W1=read, 0=write
6EEnable
7D0Data bit 0
8-13D1-D6Data bit 1-6
14D7Data bit 7
15ALED + (Backlight)
16KLED – (Backlight)

Reference:

Alphanumeric LCD Display (20 x 4, 2004)

5mm character size, 20 Chars x 4 Lines (MIDAS LCD Display)

20x4 Alphanumeric LCD Display
20x4 Alphanumeric LCD Display dimension

Pin-out

same as the alphanumeric LCD display above.

Dot Matrix LCD Display (128 x 64, 12864)

128x64 Dot Matrix LCD Display
128x64 Dot Matrix LCD Display dimension
Pin No.NameFunction
15V
2Gnd
3V0Contrast adjustment voltage
4D0Data bit 0
5D1-D6Data bit 1-6
6D7Data bit 7
7CS2Chip select signal for IC2
8-13CS1Chip select signal for IC1
14!RSTReset Signal
15R/!W1=read, 0=write
16RSRegister select (1=data, 0=instruction)
17EEnable
18VEEContrast adjustment voltage
19ALED + (Backlight)
20KLED – (Backlight)

Check out the documentation for the display controller chip KS0108 or T6963c. Application notes for T6963c

Reference:

Raw LCD Display (TN, HTN, STN, FSTN LCD Display)

This screen module is typically has to be custom made. Each pixel is a patch of custom graphic. The advantage of use this raw display is the low power consumption.

The pin out will be unique to each custom display panel. The pins are usually consist of SEGMENTS and COMMONS. These are like vertical and horizontal pins which can allows time multiplexing of the pixel display to reduce the number of pins required.

The disadvantge of this display is the need to drive each pixel with an alternating voltage. This makes it troublesome to drive. A driver is usually used for this LCD interface. Example of a driver will be for example, HOLTEK HT1621B, HT1620, HT1621, HT1622, HT16220, HT1623, HT1625, HT1626.

Raw LCD Display

There is a term “bias”. This basically means the multiplexing. 1/2 means it is multiplexing 2 columns, 1/3 means multiplexing 3 columns. The more it multiplex, the quality (contrast) of the LCD display gets lower due to the lower display frequency. As long as the display frequency is >30Hz, you shouldn’t see any flickering.

For more raw LCD customise information, check out the following link.

http://www.displaybly.com/lcd-news/11-points-confirm-before-quote-a-custom-lcd-screen/

Other LCD driver

  • HT1621B (48 TSSOP)
  • tm1668
  • PCF8576 (56 TSSOP)
  • AY0438 (DIP-40)
  • PCF2100CT (SO28, 2COMx20SEG)
  • PCF2111T (VSO-40, 2COMx32SEG)
  • PCF2112C (VSO-40)

Simple LCD driver for 1x COM

  • 74HC164

Elastomeric Strips for raw LCD panel module

Elastomeric strips is a special rubber cushion material which acts as a cushion and conductor for tracks. It is often found with non-pins raw LCD module.

Rubber Strips on LCD panel module, Elastomeric strips

Design Resource for Electronics Engineer

Commonly Available Electronic Components for Design Engineers

This is the main reference page which provides a list of the commonly available electronic components, parts, accessories for your electronic design selection.

If you are an electronic designer, you are welcome to bookmark this page for your future design reference.

Connectors

Passive Components

Capacitor Types (selection)

  • Ceramic capacitor
  • Polymer capacitor
  • Film capacitor (Metallized film, Foil firm, Polypropylene film or PP film, Polyyester film, etc…)
  • Aluminum Electrolytic capacitors
  • Tantalum Electrolytic capacitors
  • Niobium Electrolytic capacitors
  • Super capacitor
  • Silver Mica capacitor
  • Variable capacitor
  • etc…

 

  • smd, surface mount
  • through hole
  • radial style
  • screw terminal

Display

Switches

  • Switches
  • PCB mount tactile switches
  • Metalic panel mount switches

Microcontrollers

PCB Accessories

Cable Selection Guide

 

AC Power Plug

  • UK Plug (3 pins)
  • EU Plug (2 pins)
  • IEC C13 plug (230Vac, 10A)
  • IEC C7 plug (230Vac, 2.5A)

Reference:

Product Accessories for Projects

Mechanical Resources

Software

Electrical Single Line Drawing Schematic Tools

Admin Tools

Others

Microcontroller Firmware Programming Upload with ATMEL Studio

Introduction

ATMEL microcontroller is quite a popular microcontroller among the younger generation of hardware programmers due to the popularity of the Arduino IDE platform. Arduino is a higher level programming platform base on ATMEL microcontroller series. While Arduino is a very simple to use firmware programming platform for a beginner, it can be quite challenging for advanced programmer who wants absolute precision control over their software algorithm.

The popularity of Arduino results in a community of programmers sharing Arduino related information. Programmers can easily find support and resources relating to Arduino. However, the issue is that lesser programmers are now using ATMEL studio to program their ATMEL microcontroller. The resources for ATMEL studio is accurately very limited at this point in time. This is unlike the competing Microchip series microcontroller where its documentation is a lot much better than ATMEL. Now that Microchip has acquired ATMEL microcontroller business, we can expect the documentation to improve over time.

The purpose of this web page is to assist those who are new to the ATMEL Studio platform, to guide them to upload their source code (or microcontroller machine hex code) into their ATMEL microcontroller.

Things That You Need To Prepare

  1. Your ATMEL microcontroller
  2. ATMEL Studio
  3. Programmer tool for ATMEL microcontroller
  4. An adaptor board or breadboard for your microcontroller
  5. Wires for connection
  6. Firmware (a hex code file *.hex)

ATMEL Microcontroller

In this example, we are using a very simple microcontroller chip ATtiny44A from ATMEL.

The following are the pinout for the microcontroller ATtiny44A (SOIC IC package)

ATtiny44A programming pins pinout diagram.

Please take note of the pins that are highlighted in green. These are the ISP programming pins on your microcontrollers. They will be connected to a programmer tool so that your firmware can be uploaded into the microcontroller chip.

The same 6 pins for ISP programming will be located at a different pin location for other ATMEL microcontroller chip part number. The firmware upload process is similar for other ATMEL microcontrollers part number. We just need to take note of the ISP pins of the particular ATMEL microcontroller.

The following are the ISP pins on a ATtiny44A microcontroller.

ISP Programming Pins for ATtiny44A Microcontroller

  1. MISO – Pin 08
  2. Vcc – Pin 01 (for powering up your microcontroller)
  3. SCK – Pin 09
  4. MOSI – Pin 07
  5. RESET – Pin 04
  6. Gnd – Pin 14 (for powering up your microcontroller)

The connection of these ISP pins to the programmer tools will be presented in the next few sections.

ATMEL Studio

ATMEL Studio is a free IDE (integrated development environment) software for development work on ATMEL microcontroller. You can write your firmware using C Programming or Assembly Language here, compile your source code into a *.hex code and download the *.hex code into your microcontroller through this integrated software platform.

Download the ATMEL Studio here.

Programmer Tool

A programmer tools helps you to connect your computer to your microcontroller chip. It is used for uploading the *.hex code into your microcontroller.

There are a number of programmer tools which allows your to upload your firmware. In this example, we are using the AVR-ISP-MK2 programming tool from OLIMEX.

Other commonly known programming tools available are ATMEL ICE and USBasp AVR.

Please take note of the programmer tool pin out on their IDC connector header pins. This will be needed in the subsequent section for connection between the programmer and the microcontroller chip.

AVR-ISP-MK2 Programming Tool

Programming tool AVR-ISP-MK2

Can be used for both ATMEL Studio or Arduino IDE, but need to change firmware which is very troublesome and problematic.


AVR-ISP-MK2 programmer pin out.

ISP pin out (IDC 10 pins)

Arduino ISP Programming Tool

For illustration only. Not for use with ATMEL Studio.

Used for Arduino IDE

Arduino ISP programming tool.     Arduino USB 2 Serial Micro programming tool


Arduino ISP programmer pin out. (Arduino ICSP pinout)

Arduino ISP pin out (IDC 06 pins)

ATMEL ICE Programming Tool

Programming tool ATMEL ICE


ATMEL ICE programmer pin out.

ISP pin out (IDC 10 pins)

USBasp AVR Programmer

USBasp AVR programmer tool


USBasp AVR programmer pin out.

ISP pin out (IDC 10 pins)

Adaptor for Microcontroller IC Chip

Most microcontroller chip nowadays are commonly in a surface mount package. The SMD package for ATtiny44A microcontroller is SOIC14. In order to program this SOIC14 chip, an adaptor may be needed. The following are some adaptor that you can purchase for your firmware programming.

If your circuit design has already incorporate the ISP programming pins into your PCB layout design, then you do not need to use programming adaptor socket. You just need to solder the microcontroller directly into your PCB board and download your firmware via the onboard dedicated ISP pins using an ISP programmer.

Programming adaptor socket (SOIC14) for ATtiny44A microcontroller.


Purchase this programming adaptor test socket (SOIC14) for ATtiny44A microcontroller from dhgate.com.


Programming adaptor socket (SOIC14) for ATtiny microcontroller.


Purchase this programming adaptor test socket (SOIC14) for ATtiny microcontroller from tindie.

Wires Connection

In order for the firmware (*.hex code) to be uploaded to your microcontroller you will need to connect the ISP programmer pins to the respective pins on your microcontroller.

The following is a simple schematic to connect the ISP programming pins (IDC 10 pins header) to the ATtiny44A microcontroller.

ISP Programming Pins to ATtiny44A microcontroller connection.

Please note that you will need a pull-up resistor of about 10KΩ between the VCC and the RESET pins.

The following section will be using the ATMEL Studio software to help us check if our hardware connection is done correctly.

Firmware

In this instruction guide, we assume that you already have a *.hex firmware available for uploading into the ATtiny44A microcontroller.

A *.hex file is generated after your project is compiled and built from your C Programming or Assembly language source code.

Device Programming

ATtiny44A device programming in ATMEL Studio.


1) Atmel Studio IDE Software

Open up the Atmel Studio IDE (Integrated Development Environment) software.

To upload a firmware to the microcontroller, open the Device Programming tools.

Under the AtmelStudio’s menu, select the menu “Tools”->”Device Programming”.


ATMEL microcontroller device programming setup


2) Device Programming Dialog

A dialog box will pops up like the one on the left.

Under the “Tool” section, select the programming tools that you got for your ATMEL microcontroller.

In this example, we are using the AVR-ISP-MK2 programmer tool from OLIMEX, so we have selected AVRISP mkII.



3) Selecting Your Programmer

Please ensure that your USB programmer tool is plugged to your computer. If you did not connect it to your computer, it will not appear in this “Tool” section. If you plugged in the tool, the name of the tool should reflect immediately (real-time) on this drop down menu. The name will be removed immediately when you unplug out your tool.

If your programmer tool is not listed in this dialog box, it could be the device is not installed correctly, or a wrong driver is installed. In this case, you may have to go back to your ATMEL programmer tool supplier for further assistance.

Always refer back to your programmer tool’s provider for the setting up of the tool. Different programmer tool may have a different configuration that is needed to be set up before it can upload firmware into your microcontroller chip successfully.



4) Select Your Microcontroller

Next. Under the “Device” drop down box, select the device “ATtiny44A” which is the microcontroller which you will be uploading the firmware to.

Keep the options “ISP” under the “Interface” menu.

Once this is done, click on the button “Apply”.

If your connection between your ISP programmer and your microcontroller is done correct, you will see a 6 digit hex code under the menu “Device signature”. In our example, we are using the ATtiny44A microcontroller. If the connection between your programmer and the ATtiny44A microcontroller is correct, you will see the text “0x1E9207” for the device signature. This is a unique ID for an ATtiny44A microcontroller.

If an error message appeared after clicking on the button “Apply”, it means that there is probably a problem with the connection. Check to confirm if the connection is wired correctly. Check if the wire is broken or if there is any wire shorted to another line. You will also need to ensure that there is a Vcc voltage of 5.0V or 3.3V on your microcontroller pin 1 and pin 14. If the microcontroller is not supplied with power, the same error message may appear as well.


Microcontroller Device Programming in Atmel Studio


5) Upload Your Firmware to the Microcontroller

On the left-hand side of the list, select the option “Memories”. The right side of the Device Programming window will be similar to this screenshot.

Under the Flash section, click on the button “…” to select the firmware file (*.hex) from your computer system that you want to upload to your microcontroller. In this example, we are loading a filename “myFirmware.hex”.

You should check the box for the options as in this screenshot example. These settings are typical, though not very important if you forgot to select.

Click on the button “Program”. You should start to see a series of messages near the bottom of the dialog box’s screen.

The following is probably what you will see,

Erasing device… OK

Programming Flash… OK

Verifying Flash… OK

 

These messages indicate that your firmware is successfully uploaded into your microcontroller. You can disconnect the programmer or power off to remove the chip for further testing or use it for your production.

If an error message is encountered, repeat the checking procedure again as mentioned earlier to ensure that the programmer tool is connected correctly to your microcontroller.

Lock and Protect the firmware for ATMEL Microcontroller

There will be times you will want to prevent others from copying your source code out from your microcontroller. Most of the microcontroller have code protection bits which you can enable. Once the code protection bits are enabled, the code will not be able to be read from the microcontroller.

You will still be able to overwrite the microcontroller with new codes. After loading in the new codes, you will need to re-enable the protection bits again to lock your codes.

reading firmware from Atmel microcontroller ATTINY44A


1) Reading from a Normal Microcontroller

Open up the “Device Programming” dialog box from the ATMEL Studio IDE. Assuming you have just upload your firmware onto the microcontroller. We are now going to read the machine code from the microcontroller.

Connect up your programmers to your microcontroller as usual. Go to the section on “Memories”, the same section where you upload your firmware to the microcontroller.

To read from the microcontroller, click on the button “Read”.

A dialog box will appear asking you for a new file name for this read file. For this example we name the file as “Document.hex”, then click Ok.

The programmer will proceed to read the microcontroller and save the machine codes onto the file “Document.hex”


valid firmware codes read from an Atmel microcontroller


2) Code Read Result from a Normal Microcontroller

In this section, we will open the read file to have an idea how the machine codes for the microcontroller look like.

Open the saved file “Document.hex” using the Notepad.exe or other text viewer application on your computer system.

You should be able to see a long list of hex numbers similar to this example shown on the left.

You don’t have to know anything about the code. Just remember that they looks like a random chunck of numbers/letters inside the file.


code protect for Atmel Chip ATTINY44A


3) Set Code Protection to the Microcontroller

Next step, we are going to set a protection on the microcontroller to prevent others from reading the machine code. Proceed to the section on “Lock bits” as illustrated on the left.

Above the button “Copy to clipboard”, there is a field name “LOCKBIT”. On the right side is a text box where you can key in a value.

The default value may be 0xFF. Change that to 0xFC. 0xFC is the settings of LOCKBIT for the locking of the program’s memory inside the ATMEL44A microcontroller. The details can be found on section 19.1, pg 159 of the ATmega44a datasheet. Please note that 0xFC only works for ATMEL44A microcontroller. For other ATMEL microcontroller, this LOCKBIT code may be different. You will have to read the datasheet for the correct settings.

After changing the value to 0xFC, click on the button “Program” so that the programmer can apply this code lock setting onto the microcontroller.

There will be a series of messages which indicates that the setting is done successfully.

Starting operation write registers
Writing register LOCKBIT…OK
Write registers…OK
Starting operation verify registers
Verify register LOCKBIT…OK
Verify registers … OK

Your microcontroller is now code protected. Next, we will have to verify if we are still able to read the machine code from the protected microcontroller.


reading firmware from Atmel microcontroller ATTINY44A


4) Read Firmware from a Code Protected Microcontroller

This is the same process that we did previously to read out the machine code.

Go to the section “Memories” and click on the button “Read” and save the read machine code in a file.


blank codes read from a code protected ATMEL microcontroller


5) Code Read Result from a Normal Microcontroller

Now that the machine code is read, open up the file to have a look at the read machine code again.

It should look different from the previous read attempt. As illustrated in the left side, you should notice a lot of “F” instead of the random chunk of numbers/letters.

This indicates that the programmer fails to read out the machine code from the microcontroller. You cannot read it because the microcontroller was locked by you.

There is no way to unlock it. You can erase the memory from the microcontroller or overwrite the microcontroller with a new firmware (machine codes).

Please note that when you overwrite the microcontroller with a new firmware, the microcontroller may not be in the lock mode. To ensure your code is protected, you can proceed to the “Lock bits” to do the code protection again.

That ends the instruction for protecting your firmware on an ATMEL microcontroller chip.

C Programming, Compile and Upload Firmware

For C programming. You can open up your project files, and start editing your program, making the necessary changes. After this is done, you can press the button “F5” on your keyboard. The ATMEL Studio will compile the project, generate the *.hex file and upload the updated firmware to your microcontroller in a single step.

If you encountered errors during the compilation process, you will need to correct it and recompile again. There will be no firmware uploaded if your C programming source code contains error.

 

Electronic Part Shop Near Me

Click on the bracket to view larger map for electronic related shops in Singapore.

Click here to check out the electronic components shops page for the address and the details.

Central

  • Sim Lim Tower, (opening hours 10am-6pm Mon-Fri, 10am-1pm Sat, Closed on Sun)
  • Sim Lim Square
  • Jalan Besar Plaza
  • People’s Park Centre, Chinatown (KOBA Electronics)

North

  • Woodland (sgBotic)

East

  • 15 Tai Seng Drive (element14), (opening hours 9am-6pm Mon-Fri, Closed on Sat & Sun)

West

  • nil

Learning Basic Electronic (Hands-On-Approach) Crash Course Syllabus

 

Electronic Crash Course (Singapore)

Introduction

This is a crash course which provides students who have the interest in building electronics projects but do not have any formal education in electronic engineering, to have the fundamentals which empower them with the confidence to hands-on electronic in a systematic and practical manner.

Summary

  • Basic practical electronic.
  • Teaching step by step how to diagnose and troubleshoot the circuit.
  • Consultant and technical support offline.
  • Course material will be made available online.

Lesson 1: Soldering and Simple Electronic (2 to 4 Hours)

Learn basic electronic theory. Learn good soldering practice and manually fabricate a board with switch and LED.

Objective:

  • Identify components and symbols (resistor, LED)
  • Simple Ohms Law Theory (Voltage, Ohm, Current, Wattage), -> V/ohm = A
  • Learn how to use a power supply and digital multimeter
  • Soldering Theory
  • LED Circuit
  • Solder LED circuit.
  • Switch Circuit
  • Solder Switch circuit.

Tools required:

Equipment

  • Bench power supply
  • Multimeter

Soldering Equipment

  • Soldering iron
  • Solder (0.6mm, 0.8mm)
  • Solder Paste
  • Tweezer
  • Crocodile clip wire
  • Wire stripper, cutter, plier
  • Crimping tool
  • Hand Drill (1mm, 3.2mm drill bit)

Materials

  • Prototype board (doughnut pad, single side)
  • Wire wrapping wire
  • Resistor LED, through hole / SMD components (small/big, fresh/oxidise)
  • Turn pins socket (through-hole resistor for LED)
  • Screw Terminal (2pin, 5.08mm)
  • Header pin (test pin)
  • Crimping pins, Housing
  • Wire (7/0.2mm, Black, Red)
  • Ferrule
  • Wire heat sleeve
  • Toggle Switch
  • Push button (PCB mount)

Others

  • Laptop
  • 5V, 3V3 power supply

Lesson 2: Soldering and Simple Electronic (2 to 4 Hours)

Objective:

Learn component selection and power distribution.
Using transistor and relay as a switch.
Design (schematic drafting) and manual fabricate a test board.

Electronic

  • Identify components and symbols (capacitor, inductor, diode, transistor, IC chip)
  • Identify component package (SMD 1206 0805)
  • Learning how to use transistor and relay. Using the transistor as a switch.
  • Learning to read transistor datasheet. How to look for a transistor for your project.
  • Learn to dig for resource and learn electronic parameters from Element14
  • Industry standard size, standard rating (LED 20mA, resistor 1/8W, 1/4W)
  • Current distribution computation to the circuit module. (Power design and distribution) How to buy a power supply?

Typical things that you may look out for in a datasheet.

  • Absolute Maximum
  • Operating Voltage
  • Current Consumption

Learn by copying and replicating electronic circuit.

  • Memorising Switch/LED circuit
  • Recognising standard circuit.
  • Learn to read a schematic

Troubleshooting procedure

  • check power voltage
  • check all expected component voltage on a schematic.
  • isolated problem
  • test component.

Lesson 3: Arduino I/O Interface (2 to 4 Hours)

Objective:

Introduction to microcontroller datasheet in an Arduino, pin mapping and I/O. Design schematic from student’s project requirement, step by step. Sensor NPN/logic interface, Output relay/transistor control, ADC, solenoid

  • Concept of looping
  • Hello world blinking LED (LED PWM)
  • Switch programming (switch glitches)
  • Motor control, speed control.
  • Using I/O LED indicator for debugging purpose.
  • Selecting transistor to run LED, Motor, Relay

Lesson 4: Arduino UART (Communication with a computer)

Objective:

Learn digital numbering system, Hexidecimal. AND, OR, NOT, XOR UART theory.

  • build a UART interface to observe data transmission
  • learn oscilloscope
  • push switch glitches
  • writing delay()
  • ADC
  • Bluetooth, Ethernet, WiFi

Tools:

  • Computer
  • USB to UART
  • Oscilloscope (visual aid)
  • LED

Reference:

Lesson 5,6,7: Mini project that uses I2C, SPI Sensor

Objective:

  • Dynamic teaching.
  • Evaluating the student knowledge and teaches them as they do their project.

Project Examples:

  • DC motor control
  • PWM, lighting brightness control
  • I2C related sensor
  • SPI related sensor

Optional Topic:

  • Arduino Interrupt
  • Timer

Spending time troubleshooting with the students.

 

Electronic Crash Course in 24 Hours
Private Training Cost Fee at $3500 + GST

Contact PIC-CONTROL to personalised your electronic crash course.

 

Click here to access a collection of self-learning electronic resources.

Connector Selection Guide | Singapore

Connector Selection Guide for Electronic System Designer

Type of connectors to choose from for your electronic project design. List of the commonly available connector footprint and dimension.

Connector Shortcuts List

Shortcuts references to the popular brands.

Bare Wire Connector for PCB

Connector catalog reference from KaiFeng (download catalog pdf file here, 14.3mb)

1) 3.81mm Pitch Pluggable Screw Terminal (rating 8A) (3.81mm, 3.5mm)

3.81mm pluggable screw terminal connector 3.81mm pitch pluggable screw terminal, 4pos

2) 5.08mm Pitch Pluggable Screw Terminal

(rating 15A)

5.08mm pluggable screw terminal connector 5.08mm pluggable screw terminal, 2 pos 5.08mm pluggable scre terminal 2pos, 4pos 5.08mm pluggable screw terminal, front view

3) 5.08mm Pitch Screw Terminal (*)

fixed screw terminal connector

4) 2.54mm Spring-Cage Terminal (*)

spring cage connector Push-in vertical connector 10 positions

  • Pluggable Screw Terminal
  • Push-in spring connection
  • Spring-cage connection (KF141R-4P)
  • Push-lock spring connection (quick release lever)
  • Pluggable spring cage connection
  • Tool
  • tti-nz-series-slanted-wire-insert
  • WAGO 2059, WAGO 2060

WAGO push connector 2059 surface mount WAGO 2060 wire push in spring cage connector

reference from Phoenix Contact

5) Tool-less or tool free lever release wire terminal connector, Lever-Actuated Terminal Blocks

  • PLH 16 Power PCB Terminal Block with Lever

  • LPT 16/ 5-15,0-ZB

  • LPT(A) 2.5 Lever Push-In Terminal Blocks

  • SR99, SM99 Tool-free single pole terminal connector (7 color to choose from), low cost.

PCB Connector (header and housing/receptacle pins)

2.54mm header housing male female pins connection

2.54mm housing PCB mount (2 ways)

2.54mm housing PCB mount pins2.54mm header pins

Single row female socket header housing (2.54mm spacing connector)

Single row male socket header housing (2.54mm spacing connector)

Single row female socket header pins (2.54mm spacing connector, straight PCB mount)

Single row male socket header pins (2.54mm spacing connector, straight PCB mount)

Double row female socket header pins (2.54mm spacing connector, straight PCB mount)

  • female header 2×5, 2×13, 2×20

Double row male socket header pins (2.54mm spacing connector, straight PCB mount)

  • male header 2×5, 2×13, 2×20

Doublesided turn-pins connector
double sided turn-pins connectors

 


Standard 2.54mm header pin dimension


Standard 2.54mm housing pin dimension

 

IDC Socket & Header Connectors

 

IDC socket (wire to board connector) 16pos IDC socket connector

IDC header connector (PCB mount), 20posIDC header connector

IDC header connector with side locking latchIDC header connectorwith side locking latch

IDC connector with ribbon cableIDC connector with ribbon cables

 

Flat Flexible Cable (FFC)

***Note: Choose EVEN number of pins (is easier to buy stocks)

Choice of wires/pins pitch 0.5mm, 1mm, 0.625mm, 0.8mm, 1.25mm

FFC cable fine pitch 0.5mm, 1mm     FFC connector socket
Choice of FFC cable “SAME side” or “Opposite side” or “Solderable ends” (FFC cable jumpers)

FFC cable Same Side

FFC cable "Opposite Side" Opposite Side

Solderable FFC cable jumpersSoldable end FFC cable

FFC cable with connector and solderable end FFC cable with solderable end and a connector end

 

JST/Molex Connectors, Header & Housing

small pitch SMD connector receptacle     mini connector cable assembly drawing

For low profile PCB boards (signal or small power)

For Industrial Sensor

*** space saving connector suitable for smaller size board (AWG #32 to #26)

For Small Motor

*** suitable for typical PCB board use (AWG #24, or 7/0.2mm)

For General Purpose (payment industry)

  • XH Connector (2.5mm pitch), 3A 250V, (UL94-0)
    Found to be used on Coin Acceptor (model: HS-636)

For Power

For Vending Payment Industry (Coin/Notes Acceptor, Receipt Printer, POS, Self-Service Kiosk)

pcb mount connector for coin note acceptormolex male connector for coin note acceptormolex male connector for coin or note acceptor

DC Barrel Power Plug & Socket

DC barrel socket (PCB mount, OD-5.5mm ID-2.1mm)DC barrel plug (OD-5.5mm, ID-2.1mm)

For DC barrel socket, buy 2.1mm pin size to be safer. Most adaptor plug can handle 2.1mm as well as 2.5mm pin size.
For DC barrel plug, buy 2.5mm hole size to be safer. Most socket can accept both 2.1mm as well as 2.5mm hole size.

230Vac Power Plug, Connectors

PCB Power Connector

Power Barrier PCB mount connector (*)

Barrier mount terminal 9.5mm pitch for high current powerBarrier moun terminal 9.5mm pitch dimension drawing

Snap-in Screw Terminal (PCB mount) (*)

Screw terminal tab PCB mount   Screw terminal tab for PCB mounted - wire to board.
– M3 PCB Terminal
– PCB Screw Terminal
– PC Mount Screw Terminals (surface mount) (贴片 焊接端子)
– M3 PCB snap-in screw terminal vert smdsurface mount Screw terminal snap-in surface mount smd
https://www.pemnet.com/fastening-products/pem-self-clinching-fasteners-new/

PCB Terminal Tab Stub (Surface mount) (*)

Surface PCB Terminal Tab Stub common tub width is 6.35mm.

Card Edge Connector

Card Edge connector for finger contact pins at the edge of PCB board.

Example of card edge connector is PCI connector, 16-bits ISA connector, 8-bits ISA connector.

PCI connector (160pins, card edge connector for PCB board finger contact connection)PCI connector pins (PCB mount card edge connectors)

Card Edge connector for finger PCB board

 

PCB Spring Contact Pins

spring loaded connector pins Spring loaded test pin connectorsSMT spring loaded test pins connector

POGO Spring Loaded Test Pins
电流弹簧针
PCB触点弹簧针
充电顶针
定位针触针

PCB spring loaded pogo pins POGO spring loaded test pins connector

POGO spring loaded test pins application

POGO Test Pin HeadsPOGO Test Pin Head 2

Crimp Terminal & Ferrules

Audio Connectors

Audio Plug 3.5mm 2 poles for microphone

quick spring release connector for audio speaker wiresQuick Spring Release Connector for Audio Speaker Wires

RCA connectors.

Casing Enclosure Connectors

  • Panel mount connectors
  • Chassis mount connectors

RF Connectors

  • SMA
  • U.FL

D-Sub Connector

D-Sub socket male 9 pinsPin 1 – Pin 5, Pin 6 – Pin 9

D-Sub socket female 9 pinsPin 5 – Pin 1, Pin 9 – Pin 6

  • male, female
  • 2 rows, 3 rows
  • DB9, DB15, DB25 pins

Computer Data Connector

RJ45 Connector

  • RJ45, RJ11
  • 8P8C, 6P6C, 6P4C

RJ45 socket for Ethernet cable Ethernet connector plug 8P8CPin 1 – Pin 8

RJ11 socket 6P6CRJ11 6P6C plugPin 1 – Pin 6

USB Connector

  • Type A, Type B
  • USB mini, USB micro
  • Vertical, Horizontal

Other Connectors

Power AC Wall Plug for 230Vac / 110Vac (UK, US, EU, AU version)

UK – Singapore, United Kingdom

US – United States, China

EU – Singapore, United Kingdom

AU – Australia

IEC cable standard

  • C13 (female plug)
  • C14 (male plug)
  • C15 (female plug with a notch)

Custom Wire Assembly Service

Contact PIC-CONTROL for custom wire connector assembly service.

Microcontroller Projects (IC chips used)

Dated Project name & description Microcontroller used/
Enclosure used.
 IC chips and
special components used
       
2024-03-08 PIC-036
RS232 to Pulse Output
(4 Ports)

Fast-switching pulse output controller (Coin Acceptor Emulator)		 PIC16F18323
  • LM3480-5 (regulator, wide input voltage range)
  • MAX3232
  • TLP185
2023-10-10 MDB Sniffer and Monitoring (for Vending machine protocol) PIC24FJ256GA702
  • MIC2954 ADJ (LDO)
  • MCP1700T-3302E/TT
  • FT230XS-R
  • HK19F-DC 5
  • MCP6002-MS (op-amp for sensing signal buffer)
2023-09-22 CO2 sensor fan controller PIC24FJ256GA702
  • LM22674MRE-ADJ
  • LD1117
  • AT24CS08
  • TLP185
  • MCP1416 (mosfet driver)
  • FT230XS-R
  • MAX3485
2023-02-12 PIC-030
Speed Queen Washer Dryer machine
interface board		 PIC16F18325
  • LM22674MRE-ADJ
  • MCP23017
  • MAX3232
  • AT24CS08
2023-02-11 PIC-121
Short Circuit Finder		 change PIC12F1840 to
PIC16F18313
  • MCP1700T-3302E (voltage regulator)
  • MCP73831 (Li-ion batt charge)
  • MCP6041 (op-amp)
2021-06-26 Ju Teng Spectrometer project SparkFun Thing Plus
  • C12880MA
  • TPS61023 (DC-DC pump up, LiPo 3.6V to 5V)
  • LM22675MRE-ADJ
2021-06-17 PIC-340 I/O over DC Power Line PIC16F18313
  • LM3480-5 (regulator wide input voltage range)
  • PIC16F18313-I/SN
  • THVD8010 (Pwr/Data transceiver)
  • TLP185
  • Relay G6K-2F
2021-06-17 Controller for motorised Trellis

PIC16F18456-I/SS

microcontroller series that accept wide input supply voltage from 3.3V to 5V
  • LM317
  • LM22674MRE-ADJ
  • MCP23017-E/SS
  • BTN7960B (DC motor driver IC chip)
  • MCP6C02 (current sense IC)
2021-05-11 Realtek, Proximity Switch Project Wall touch switch product
  • XC6206 P332MR (regulator)
  • TTP223N-BA6 (capacitive switch, touch pad detector IC)
2021-01-15 RFID Trigger for Speedqueen Laundry Machines PIC12F1840
  • LM3480
  • YHY522 RFID module
2020-08-24 RFID Board Tester PIC16F18345
  • LD1117S33
  • MTCH102
  • USBLC6-2
  • FT230XS-R
2020-10-03 Door Controller

(4 UART)
  • G2RL-1E 12DC relay)
  • (Memory)
  • (RTC)
2020-09-08 Water valve controller PIC16F18325
  • IRM-03-12 (AC-DC)
  • LM3480 (wide range input LDO regulator)
  • G2RL-1E 12DC relay)
2020-08-07 CEPAS Card Reader (Wiegand) PIC16F18325 no special parts
2020-04-00 RS232 Sniffer    
2020-01-00 Humidity Controller PIC16F18345
  • FT230XS
  • HDC1080 (Humidity & temperature sensor)
  • MTCH102
  • MCP1700T-33
  • P-ch
2019-11-12 Fraba Custom Cable Tester PIC24FJ256GA702 no special parts
2019-09-10 PIC-029 Cashless Payment System
(See PIC-028)		    
2019-09-09 PIC-029 Cashless Payment System for Arcade Token Dispenser Machine PIC24FJ256GA702
+ Touch Panel		 no special parts
2019-09-08 Rain Sensor Controller,
with high voltage 230Vac line detector.		 PIC16F18325
Casing: 1593LBK
  • IRM-03-12 (AC-DC)
  • LM3480 (wide range input LDO regulator)
  • G2RL-1E 12DC relay)
2019-08-22 CEPAS Door Access Card Reader, PIC-346 CAN number readout
(RS232)		 PIC16F18325
Casing: SZOMK AK-R-08
  • PN532 (RFID)
  • MAX3232 (RS232)
  • LD1117-3V3 (Reg)
  • 24AA02UID
2019-00-00 CEPAS Door Access Card Reader, PIC-346 CAN number readout
(RS485)		 PIC16F18325
Casing: SZOMK AK-R-08
  • PN532 (RFID)
  • MAX3485 (RS485)
  • LD1117-3V3 (Reg)
  • 24AA02UID
2019-07-01 OG, CAN number reader PIC16F18325
Casing: 1593K
  • PN532 (RFID)
  • MAX3232 (RS232)
  • LM22674 (DC-DC)
  • FT230XS (USB-UART)
2019-05-22 Port Loader Emulator
(ASYST)		 PIC24FJ256GA702
Casing: 1455L801BK
  • LM22674 (DC-DC)
  • FT230XS (USB-UART)
  • MAX3232 (RS232)
2019-03-00 Fong’s Product Cable Tester PIC24FJ256GA702
Casing: 1455Q1601BK
  • LM22674 (DC-DC)
  • FT230XS (USB-UART)
  • MCP1700T (Reg)
  • MTCH105 (Touch)
  • MCP23017
2019-02-28 Microcool enclosure project arduino PIC16F18313
Customised enclosure
  • LM22674MRE-ADJ
  • Arduino hat attachment board
2019-02-07 PIC-346 CEPAS RFID Door Access Card Reader PIC16F18325
Casing: SZOMK AK-R-08
  • PN532
  • MAX3485
  • 24AA02UID
2019-01-14
(FAILED)

PIC-025 ver2.0 HID CEPAS CAN card reader

 PIC16F1454
(USB microcontroller)
  • PN532
  • TLP185
2018-12-28
(FAILED)

PIC-025 HID CEPAS CAN card reader

 PIC16F18325
  • FT260S (HID USB interface)
  • PN532
  • TLP185
2018-10-23

PIC-125 Audio Triggered Output Relay

 PIC16F18325
Casing: 1593K
  • FT230XS (USB-UART)
  • LMV324 (op-amp)
  • RB751 (diode)
  • Audio Socket MC001293
  • Relay
2018-10-08

PIC-124 Alarm Mute Switch

 PIC16F18313
Casing: 1593K
  • FT230XS (USB-UART)
  • MCP1700, 3V3 voltage
  • Relay
2018-07-12

Washing Machine Interface
+ MDB payment terminal connection.

 PIC24FJ256GA702-I/SS
Customised enclosure
  • LM22674 (DC-DC)
  • 24AA02UID (UID)
  • FT230XS (USB-UART)
  • MCP23017 (I2C I/O expander)
  • more…
2018-06-25

Human Waste Controller

 PIC16F18346
Customised enclosure
  • LM22674 (DC-DC)
  • 24AA02UID (UID)
  • FT230XS (USB-UART)
  • MCP23017 (I2C I/O expander)
  • more…
2018-04-00

RFID Room Card Key Holder

    
2018-04-00

RFID Reader for Room Access

    
2018-04-00

Cable Harness Tester

 PIC24FJ256GA702-I/SS
Customised enclosure		  
2018-03-00

RFID Hotel Card Key
Philipines

 PIC16F18325  
2018-03-00

Washing Machine Interface Board

 PIC16F18345
  • LM22674 (DC-DC)
  • 24AA02UID (UID)
  • MCP79400 (RTS)
  • MAX3232 (RS232)
  • MCP23017 (I2C I/O expander)
  • TLP185 (opto-coupler)
  • AQY210S (opto-coupler)
2018-01-16

Raspberry Pi 3 hat (attchmentment board),

RS232, RS485, IO, RTC

 nil
  • LM22676 (DC-DC voltage regulator 3A)
  • MAX3232 (RS232)
  • MAX3485 (RS485)
  • SC16IS740IPW (SPI to UART)
  • DS3231M (RTC)
2018-01-16

SLA Battery Charger
Seal Lead Acid
Solar Panel + DC Power

nil

 LT3652
2017-11-14 Heater element fault detector

nil
  • LM7332 (high voltage single rail op-amp)
  • n-ch STP55NF06L
  • 817 (opto-coupler)
2017-11-00 AMD CPU Chip Tester

PIC16F18325

CY8C5868AXI-LP035
(PSoC5LP, ARM Cortex-M3)
  • LT1963ES8 (Vreg)
  • LT3083EFE (Vreg)
  • LTC4365ITS8-1 (over voltage protection)
  • LT3080EMS8E (LDO regulator)
  • LTC2053IMS8 (Op-amp, voltage sense)
  • LT6105IMS8 (current sense)
  • MIC5209YM (LDO regulator)
  • Si4946BEY (n-ch)
  • FDV301N (n-ch)
  • PCA9626B (i/o expander)
  • FDN336P (p-ch)
2017-10-00 Water Treatment sensors and valve controller

nil
Casing: Fibox PC 2118-3
  • LM22676-ADJ
  • LD1117-3V3
  • MCP3424, ADC for voltage and current sensor (4-20mA)
  • MCP6004, op-amp
  • ADM3260 (I2C, UART, Power Supply Isolator)
  • MAX3485
  • 817 opto-coupler

Ver 2.0

  • MCP4725 (DAC)
  • XTR115 (4-20mA Transmitter)
  • 24AA256 (EEPROM)
  • IRM-30-AC-DC
    (AC-DC 30 Watts)
  • OMRON G3MB-202P
    (solid state relay)
2017-10-00 Water Treatment touch panel

PIC16F18325
Casing: Fibox PC 2118-3
  • MTCH105, touch pad IC chip
  • PCF8574APW, I2C I/O expander
  • C5503ALNAK,  AC switch (lighted)
2017-07-00 Electric Fence Voltage Tester from 0-15kV

PIC16F18313
  • 9V Battery
  • TL431 regulator (low cost)
  • p-ch, NTR4101PT1G, IRLML6402TRPBF to switch on power supply to itself.
  • npn, BC847B
  • pnp, BC857C
  • HOLTEK HT1621B (TN LCD driver)
  • 74HC164 (TN LCD driver)
2017-06-00 Cathodic Protection Driver

dsPIC4013
PIC16C711, PIC16F716
PIC12C508A, PIC12F508
  • VTX-111-010
  • SN75477
  • LTC1286
  • LM2574-5
  • H11L1
  • BC108b
  • BC182b
  • SKKT 131-O8D 9515
2017-05-18 Audio Triggered Relay

PIC16F18326

Casing: 1455N1601BK
  • LMV324
  • Solid State Relay D2410
  • Audio Socket MC001293
2017-04-27 Cable connector assembly wire tester

PIC12F1840

Casing: 1593QBK
  • Enclosure 1593QBK with battery compartment (BS61)
  • MCP23017, I2C I/O expander
  • MCP1700, 5V voltage regulator
  • 9V Battery
2017-03-28 Sensor and solonoid valve controller attachment board.

—

Casing: 1455K1201BK
  • Enclosure 1455K1201BK
  • LM22676-ADJ
  • PCF8574APW, I2C I/O expander
  • MCP3424, ADC for voltage and current sensor (4-20mA)
  • MCP6004, op-amp
2016-12-11 Motor Controller
BLDC and DC motor		 PIC16F18345
  • LM2840, DC-DC voltage regulator
  • A4950, DC H-bridge
  • A4963, BLDC sensorless
  • A4915, BLDC hall sensor
  • IRF7343, n-ch p-ch MOSFET
  • VOS617A-2X001T, opto-coupler
2016-12-02 Short Circuit Finder ver2

PIC12F1840

Casing: 1551G
  • MCP73831, 3.6V Li-ion charger
  • MCP1700T-3302, 3.3V regulator
  • MCP6041, op-amp single rail
2016-11-30 Wire Feeder PIC16F18325
  • LM2840, DC-DC voltage regulator
  • MCP1703-3302, 5V regulator
  • MTS2916A, Bipolar stepper motor driver
2016-07-08

OPB9000 Evaluation Board

  • process 3x user push button
 PIC24FJ64GA002 (28 pins)
  • OPB9000, IR optical sensor
  • FT232BI, USB to UART
  • XC6220, LDO regulator
 2016-06-14  sd card audio player  ATMEGA328P-AU (32 pins)
  • LM22676-ADJ, Switching Regulator
  • XC6206P182, LDO
  • XC6206P332, LDO
  • IRF8707, n-ch
  • TF card socket
  • VS1053-L, Audio chip
  • TDA7297, power amplifier
2016-04-21 RS232 coin acceptor trigger

PIC12F1840 (8 pins)

(programmed with code protect)
  • LM22674
  • MAX232
 2015-11-11 USB hub  PIC16F1825 (14 pins)
  • USB2514Bi
  • FT232RL, USB to UART
  • VOS617A-2X001T, opto-coupler
  • USBLC6-2, ESD protection
  • RGB LED, Blue LED
  • USB micro plug (PCB mounted)
  • JST SR/SZ smd connector 1mm pitch
 2015-08-26 Short circuit finder  PIC12F1840 (8 pins)
  • MCP1700, LDO 3V3
  • MCP73831, battery charger
  • Op-amp single rail
  • USB micro socket
2015-07-13 Health Monitoring Electronic PIC24F16KL402
  • MCP73833, battery charger
  • MIC5219, LDO
  • MCP1700T-1802, LDO
  • MAX30100, SPO2 IR sensor
  • ADT7410, temperature sensor
  • MMA7660FC, Accelerometer
  • ESP8266, WiFi module
2015-05-20 Encoder Sensor, Speed Km/h Metering  PIC12F1840 (8 pins)
  • —
2015-04-28 Gaming Steering Wheel Control dsPIC30F3012 (28 pins)
  • FT232RL
  • 33886, DC motor driver, H-bridge
2015-04-28 Traffic Light Controller (Singapore)

PIC18F4550

Arduino UNO
  • LD1117-3V3, LDO
  • RFID reader module
 2015-04-27

Battery Charger RS485 Status,

  • multiple input monitoring
  PIC18F4520P (40 pins)
  • LM2594HV
  • MAX485
2014-08-08 BLDC motor controller PIC24EP256MC202
  • LM22674
  • MCP6L02T, op-amp for current sense
  • IRF7343TRPBF, half bridge (n-ch p-ch)
2014-08-07 RFID Hotel Key Card Holder PIC12F1840 (8 pins)
  • RT9161A-33GV, LDO 3V3
  • RFID reader module
2014-06-03 Automatic Gauge Block Comparator (NMC, MACCE)  dsPIC33FJ256GP506
  • MCP23S18, I/O expander SPI
  • 24AA16, EEPROM I2C
  • MCP9808, temperature sensor I2C
  • LM22672, Switching Regulator
  • LD1117, LDO 3V3
  • Ethernet
 2014-05-12 Security sensor array 2

dsPIC33FJ128GP804

PIC12F1840 (8 pins)
  • EEPROM I2C (8 pins)
  • LM22674, dc-dc
  • MCP4725, DAC
  • AD8629ARZ, OP-Amp single rail
  • A (sensor)
  • Ethernet
 2011-00-00 Security sensor array 1

dsPIC33FJ128GP804

dsPIC30F2012
  • LM22674, dc-dc
  • LM22678, dc-dc
  • EEPROM I2C (8 pins)
  • MCP4728, DAC
  • AD8629ARZ, OP-Amp single rail
  • A (sensor)
  • Ethernet
2013-09-03 Wireless Weighting Scale dsPIC33FJ128GP804
  • LM22674
  • EEPROM I2C (8 pins), 24AA16
  • HX711, load cell reader
  • XBee
2013-05-28 Wifi Sensor PIC24F08KL200 (14 pins)
  • LM2575S
  • MAX3232
  • WiFi
2013-03-27 Timer Pulse Generator Kit PIC12F1840 (8 pins)
  • LM2575S
2013-01-04 Multimedia Player controller PIC12F1840 (8 pins)
  • MCP6L02T, op-amp for Piezo sensor
  • IRF8707, n-ch
  • IR remote control receiver interfacing
2012-12-17 PSI indicator exhibit PIC24FJ64GA004 (44 pins)
  • LM2575S
  • HX711, load cell reader
  • IRF8707, n-ch
  • TM1804 IC for RGB LED
2012-11-12 Car park barrier gate controller PIC24FJ64GA004 (44 pins)
  • LM2575S
  • LD1117
  • MAX3232
  • MAX3485
  • Ethernet
2012-11-06 Alarm buzzer mute trigger switch PIC10F322 (6 pins)
  •  —
2012-10-08 RFID activated door & window PIC12F1840 (8 pins)
  • XC6206P302MR, LDO
  • RFID reader module
  • Wireless remote transmitter
2012-07-00 DTMF coder decoder PIC18F4550
  • MCP7941
  • HT9170D
  • HT9200A
2012-00-00 Factory Automation Controller (Visual Inspection) dsPIC33FJ256GP506
  • LM2594, High Voltage step down switching regulator
  • LM27313, DC-DC step up
  • TPS76333DBVR, LDO
  • 7seg LED
  • EEPROM I2C, 24AA16
  • MCP9700A
  • Ethernet, RJ45
  • RClamp0502A
  • HX2019NL
  • MAX3232
  • MCP4725, DAC
  • TS5A3159DBVR, analog switch
  • MCP6H01, op-amp single rail
  • sense resistor 50mOhm
2011-11-00 Ezlink payment to machine controller PIC24FJ64GA004
  • LM2575S
  • LD1117-3V3
  • MAX3232

Equipment and Server Rack Standard, Size and Dimension

equipment server rack

logo Orion       logo Syntax

 

Type of Equipment/Server Rack Holes

Equipment/Server Rack hole type

 

Rack Mounting Hole Vertical Spacing

Equipment/Server Rack vertical hole spacing

 

Rack Mounting Hole Horizontal Spacing

Equipment/Server Rack hole opening width dimension

 

Rack Mounting Hole Horizontal Opening

Equipment/Server Rack width opening dimension

 

Rack Width

Equipment/Server Rack width opening dimension

 

Rack 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U

Rack equipment size standard. (click on the picture to enlarge)

Vertical rack hole spacing for 1U 2U 3U 4U              Equipment/Server Rack vertical hole spacing

 

Rack Unit Dimension Reference

 

Nut and Accessories for Rack

screw nut for square/round hole rack

nut for round hole rack

 

Rack Blank Panel Dimension

Rack Blank Panel Dimension

 

Rack Standard Size

Server standard size 19

 

Informative picture taken from

Wikimedia Commons. logo Wikimedia Commons

and Digital Loggers. logo Digital Loggers

 

Testing & Compliance Labs

Testing and Compliance Laboratories in Singapore for electronic products (electronic product certification),

TUV SUB PSB http://www.tuv-sud-psb.sg/
SETSCO http://www.setsco.com/
Singapore Test Services http://www.test.com.sg/
SGS (test laboratory in China) http://www.sgs.sg/
NorthLab Pte Ltd (A Trescal Company) http://www.northlab.biz,
http://www.trescal.com
Spring Singapore for Singapore Safety Mark email: safety@spring.gov.sg
UL Solutions https://www.ul.com/

Test labs worldwide, http://www.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/energy-efficiency/household-sector/test-laboratories

EMC compliance, Class A, Class B, EN 55011 Class A with EN61000-6-2

Emergency Lamp compliance (SS563, SS263)

  • 1-SS 563 Part 1 2010, Code of Practice, Emergency   lighting
  • 1-SS 563 Part 2 2010, Code of Practice, Installation   requirements and maintenance procedures
  • 2-SS 263 Part 2 1998, Specification for Luminaries
  • 2a-SS 263 Part 2 1998, Amd1_SS 263-2-1998
  • 2b-SS 263 Part 2 1998, Amd2_SS 263-2-1998
  • IEC 60598-2-22 : 2014

CE Certification

CE-marking services from SGS

CE marking services from TÜV SÜD PSB

RoHS Compliant

Is your product RoHS compliant?

RoHS2 Directive